; Fri Nov 07 21:01:56 CST 2003
; 
;+ (version "1.9")
;+ (build "Build 1120")


(defclass %3ACLIPS_TOP_LEVEL_SLOT_CLASS
	(is-a USER)
	(role concrete)
	(single-slot mean
;+		(comment "A measure of central tendency.")
		(type FLOAT)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot predator_of
;+		(comment "In this knowledge base, specifying predators might be useful in representing functional or causal explanations.")
		(type SYMBOL)
;+		(allowed-parents Organism)
;+		(inverse-slot prey_of)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot parent
;+		(comment "The parent of a phylogenetic node.  Currently not used anywhere else.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Phylogenetic_node)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
;+		(inverse-slot daughter)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot mode
;+		(comment "The most common data value in a set; a weak, non-parameteric measure of central tendency.")
		(type FLOAT)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot contains
;+		(comment "Events contained within, but not essential to, a larger event.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes)
;+		(inverse-slot contained_in)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot daughter
;+		(comment "Inverse of parent for phylogenetic nodes.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Phylogenetic_node)
;+		(inverse-slot parent)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot slope
;+		(comment "The angle of the substrate relative to \"horizontal.\"  Perhaps there should be something representing an implied coordinate system here.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Angle_measure)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot connected_to
;+		(comment "This is intended to provide a symmetric relation for building bodies or physical structures.  Use something in addition to this to build directed chains.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Physical_object)
;+		(inverse-slot connected_to)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot part_of
;+		(comment "The part of relation.  This has many specializations, which appear here as class specific slot views.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes EKB_thing)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
;+		(inverse-slot parts)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot units
;+		(comment "These are standard values used for describing measurements with corresponding dimensions.  For complex measures, use multiple units and the denominator units slot.")
		(type SYMBOL)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot proximal
;+		(comment "Closer to the main body.  See comments on the distal slot.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
;+		(inverse-slot distal)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot median
;+		(comment "A statistical measure of central tendency.")
		(type FLOAT)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot ventral
;+		(comment "Bottom part or front of the body.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes)
;+		(inverse-slot dorsal)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot dorsal
;+		(comment "Top or backside.")
		(type SYMBOL)
;+		(allowed-parents)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
;+		(inverse-slot ventral)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot contained_in
;+		(comment "This relation is weaker than part_of; an element can occur in the larger unit, but its presence is not definitive.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
;+		(inverse-slot contains)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot value
;+		(comment "When associated with a count, holds the number of objects counted.")
;+		(type ANY)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot denominator_units
;+		(comment "Used for building complex measurement units like acceleration (meters/sec*sec).")
		(type SYMBOL)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot standard_deviation
;+		(comment "A measure of dispersal or variation in a set of measurements.")
		(type FLOAT)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot distal
;+		(comment "Farther from the main body.  Note that this is an ordering (but not complete) and that it is not subcase of connected.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes)
;+		(inverse-slot proximal)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot composed_of
;+		(comment "This slot refers to the physical composition of things.  It should probably only point to types of stuff.  Use parts when you can actually specify the pieces.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Stuff)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot parts
;+		(comment "The inverse of part_of.  This should be a list of all of the things that claim to be part_of this object.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes EKB_thing)
;+		(inverse-slot part_of)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot prey_of
;+		(comment "Inverse of predator_of; also probably most useful in constructing explanations.")
		(type SYMBOL)
;+		(allowed-parents)
;+		(inverse-slot predator_of)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot function_of
;+		(comment "Connects an action to its explantion in terms of a function.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Functional_explanation)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass EKB_thing "The top of the ekb concept hierarchy.  Should be useful to keep ekb rooted in one place."
	(is-a USER)
	(role abstract))

(defclass Location "A distinguished part of space."
	(is-a EKB_thing)
	(role abstract))

(defclass Relative_location "A location specified in relation to something else."
	(is-a Location)
	(role abstract))

(defclass Substrate "A volume upon whose \"upper\" surface events occur."
	(is-a Relative_location)
	(role concrete)
	(single-slot composed_of
;+		(comment "This slot refers to the physical composition of things.  It should probably only point to types of stuff.  Use parts when you can actually specify the pieces.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Stuff)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot slope
;+		(comment "The angle of the substrate relative to \"horizontal.\"  Perhaps there should be something representing an implied coordinate system here.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Angle_measure)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Medium "The volume through which things move; contrast with Substrate."
	(is-a Relative_location)
	(role concrete)
	(single-slot composed_of
;+		(comment "This slot refers to the physical composition of things.  It should probably only point to types of stuff.  Use parts when you can actually specify the pieces.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Stuff)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Absolute_location "A location named or specified, for example by latitude and longitude."
	(is-a Location)
	(role abstract)
	(single-slot %3ANAME
		(type STRING)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Tangible "Physical objects and substances"
	(is-a EKB_thing)
	(role abstract))

(defclass Physical_object "An individual chunk of matter."
	(is-a Tangible)
	(role abstract))

(defclass Biological "The improved top level for living_thing and part_of_living_thing."
	(is-a Physical_object)
	(role abstract))

(defclass Organism "For now, a individual or colony of individuals descended from a common ancestor of all life (to which this node refers).  Worry about extraterrestrial life later."
	(is-a Biological)
	(role abstract)
	(multislot predator_of
;+		(comment "In this knowledge base, specifying predators might be useful in representing functional or causal explanations.")
		(type SYMBOL)
;+		(allowed-parents Organism)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot prey_of
;+		(comment "Inverse of predator_of; also probably most useful in constructing explanations.")
		(type SYMBOL)
;+		(allowed-parents Organism)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Part_of_Organism "Objects that are parts of living things.  This lets the ontology talk about heads in general or create refinements such as turtle heads, which (of course) share similarities with other turtle heads that aren't shared with human heads - other than usually being attached to a turtle neck."
	(is-a Biological)
	(role abstract)
	(single-slot part_of
;+		(comment "The part of relation.  This has many specializations, which appear here as class specific slot views.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Organism Part_of_Organism)
;+		(cardinality 1 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot proximal
;+		(comment "Closer to the main body.  See comments on the distal slot.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Part_of_Organism)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot dorsal
;+		(comment "Top or backside.")
		(type SYMBOL)
;+		(allowed-parents)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot distal
;+		(comment "Farther from the main body.  Note that this is an ordering (but not complete) and that it is not subcase of connected.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Part_of_Organism)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot connected_to
;+		(comment "This is intended to provide a symmetric relation for building bodies.  Use something in addition to this to build directed chains.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Part_of_Organism)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass NonBiological "Individual objects that are not organisms or their parts."
	(is-a Physical_object)
	(role abstract))

(defclass Stuff "A type of matter of which things may be composed (either chemical compounds or mixtures).  Composed_of may be used recursively, but part_of should not appear as a slot here."
	(is-a Tangible)
	(role concrete)
	(single-slot composed_of
;+		(comment "This slot refers to the physical composition of things.  It should probably only point to types of stuff.  Use parts when you can actually specify the pieces.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Stuff)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Intangible "Things not seen, for example abstractions, temporal objects (including events), and information."
	(is-a EKB_thing)
	(role abstract))

(defclass Schema "A form ... that does not specify time or timelike relationships (Sowa 2000).  Examples include geometric shapes."
	(is-a Intangible)
	(role abstract))

(defclass Shape "A geometric object used, among other things, to describe the outer boundaries of physical or mathematical object."
	(is-a Schema)
	(role abstract))

(defclass 2D_shape "A shape that can be described using points on a 2-dimensional surface (e.g., a plane)."
	(is-a Shape)
	(role concrete))

(defclass 3D_shape "A shape that can be described using points in 3 dimensional space."
	(is-a Shape)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Coordinate_system "A coordinate system defines a zero point and a set of basis vectors for describing relative positions and directions in space."
	(is-a Schema)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Phylogenetic_node "A hypothesized common ancestor for two things that are either other phylogenetic nodes or subclasses of living thing.  Phylogeny exists, but I'm not sure any further ontological commitment is appropriate here."
	(is-a Schema)
	(role concrete)
	(single-slot parent
;+		(comment "The parent of a phylogenetic node.  Currently not used anywhere else.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Phylogenetic_node)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot daughter
;+		(comment "Inverse of parent for phylogenetic nodes.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes Phylogenetic_node)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Information "This is currently a waste basket group for Intangibles I can't place otherwise."
	(is-a Intangible)
	(role abstract)
	(single-slot contained_in
;+		(comment "This relation is weaker than part_of; an element can occur in the larger unit, but its presence is not definitive.")
		(type INSTANCE)
;+		(allowed-classes)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Description "A set of facts about individuals.  A history (sensu Sowa) probably belongs as a subclass of this."
	(is-a Information)
	(role concrete)
	(single-slot %3ANAME
		(type STRING)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Explanation "For now, an answer to one of Tinbergen's four questions."
	(is-a Information)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Functional_explanation "An explanation in terms of adaptive significance or function of the behavior"
	(is-a Explanation)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Reproductive_function "Explanation of behavior in terms of production or preservation of offspring.  See subclasses."
	(is-a Functional_explanation)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Prezygotic_reproduction "Function relating to bringing about formation of a zygote."
	(is-a Reproductive_function)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Postzygotic_reproduction "Function related to preservation and development of offspring after zygote formation."
	(is-a Reproductive_function)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Nutritive_function "Function related to locating, acquiring and processing food."
	(is-a Functional_explanation)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Antipredator_function "Explanation in terms of avoiding predation or surviving attempted predation."
	(is-a Functional_explanation)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Social_function "Explanation by a function related to group living."
	(is-a Functional_explanation)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Maintanance_function "Explanation by function related to preservation of body integrity or physical properties."
	(is-a Functional_explanation)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Unknown_function "Explicit statements that an action is of unknown function."
	(is-a Functional_explanation)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Sensory_function "Explanation in terms of a behavior enabling one or more senses to acquire information."
	(is-a Functional_explanation)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Ontogenetic_explanation "An explanation in terms of the development or history of the behavior in the individual"
	(is-a Explanation)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Phylogenetic_explanation "An explanation of the behavior in evolutionary or comparative terms."
	(is-a Explanation)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Causal_explanation "An explanation in terms of proximate causes."
	(is-a Explanation)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Measure "A value, resulting from an action, usually involving a comparison to a standard, by an observer."
	(is-a Information)
	(role abstract))

(defclass Continuous_value "Value drawn from a subset of the real numbers (or assumed so)."
	(is-a Measure)
	(role abstract)
	(multislot units
;+		(comment "These are standard values used for describing measurements with corresponding dimensions.  For complex measures, use multiple units and the denominator units slot.")
		(type SYMBOL)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Temporal_measure "A measure of a length of time."
	(is-a Continuous_value)
	(role concrete)
	(single-slot units
;+		(comment "These are standard values used for describing measurements with corresponding dimensions.  For complex measures, use multiple units and the denominator units slot.")
		(type SYMBOL)
		(allowed-values seconds)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Distance_measure "A measure of distance"
	(is-a Continuous_value)
	(role concrete)
	(single-slot units
;+		(comment "These are standard values used for describing measurements with corresponding dimensions.  For complex measures, use multiple units and the denominator units slot.")
		(type SYMBOL)
		(allowed-values meters)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Mass_measure "A measure of mass"
	(is-a Continuous_value)
	(role concrete)
	(single-slot units
;+		(comment "These are standard values used for describing measurements with corresponding dimensions.  For complex measures, use multiple units and the denominator units slot.")
		(type SYMBOL)
		(allowed-values grams)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Angle_measure "A measure of angle.  May want to refer to a coordinate system somewhere nearby."
	(is-a Continuous_value)
	(role concrete)
	(single-slot units
;+		(comment "Measurement of an angle")
		(type SYMBOL)
		(allowed-values degrees radians)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Complex_measure "Supports secondary measures that are defined as products and quotients of units."
	(is-a Continuous_value)
	(role concrete)
	(multislot units
;+		(comment "These are standard values used for describing measurements with corresponding dimensions.  For complex measures, use multiple units and the denominator units slot.")
		(type SYMBOL)
		(allowed-values meters seconds grams degrees radians)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(multislot denominator_units
;+		(comment "Used for building complex measurement units like acceleration (meters/sec*sec).")
		(type SYMBOL)
		(allowed-values meters seconds grams degrees radians)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Statistical_value "A measure with statistics should properly be defined as a concept inheriting both the type of measure (e.g., mass) and an appropriate statistic.  So a measure of the mean mass of 20 eggs would be a subclass of both Mass measure and Conventional_statistical_value."
	(is-a Measure)
	(role abstract))

(defclass Conventional_Statistic "Measures of central tendency, dispersal that are frequently (not necessarily) associated with continuous values and an underlying normal distribution."
	(is-a Statistical_value)
	(role concrete)
	(single-slot mean
;+		(comment "A measure of central tendency.")
		(type FLOAT)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot standard_deviation
;+		(comment "A measure of dispersal or variation in a set of measurements.")
		(type FLOAT)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass NonParameteric_Statistic "Another set of statistical descriptions."
	(is-a Statistical_value)
	(role concrete)
	(single-slot median
;+		(comment "A statistical measure of central tendency.")
		(type FLOAT)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Discrete_value "Value drawn from a countable set - integers or something finite."
	(is-a Measure)
	(role abstract))

(defclass Count "Usually the cardinality of a discrete set."
	(is-a Discrete_value)
	(role concrete)
	(multislot units
;+		(comment "These are standard values used for describing measurements with corresponding dimensions.  For complex measures, use multiple units and the denominator units slot.")
		(type SYMBOL)
;+		(allowed-parents EKB_thing)
		(create-accessor read-write))
	(single-slot value
;+		(comment "When associated with a count, holds the number of objects counted.")
		(type INTEGER)
;+		(cardinality 0 1)
		(create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass Ordered_value "A measure taken from a (partially) ordered set."
	(is-a Discrete_value)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Nominal_value "One of a set, without ordering."
	(is-a Discrete_value)
	(role concrete))

(defclass Binary_value "A measure of presence/absence (2 states)."
	(is-a Nominal_value)
	(role concrete))